31: POROUS MATERIALS: (A) Make an object (or system) porous or add supplementary porous elements (inserts, covers, etc.). (B) Fill the pores...

30: FLEXIBLE SHELLS AND THIN MEMBRANES : (A) Replace customary inflexible solid constructions with flexible membranes or thin films or...

29: PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS (Pneumatics and Hydraulics Construction): (A) Replace solid parts of an object (or system) with inflated parts filled...

28: MECHANICAL SYSTEM REPLACEMENT (MECHANICS SUBSTITUTION, Another Sense, Replacement of Mechanical System): (A) Replace a mechanical means with an optical, acoustical,...

27: DISPOSE : (A) Replace an expensive object (or a system) with a cheap or inexpensive one (with or without...

26: COPYING: (A) Use a simplified, simulated, and inexpensive copy or model or replica of an object (or system) in...

25: SELF-SERVICE (Self-X, Automation, Self-Organization, Self-Healing etc): (A) Make an object (or system) to serve itself and (B) Carry out supplementary...

24: MEDIATOR (INTERMEDIARY): (A) Use (or introduce) an intermediary object (or system or process  or activity) to transfer or carry out...

23. FEEDBACK (Cross-checking, Cross-Referring, Refering Back, Reverting): (A) Introduce feedback or facilitate detection or measurement, (B) If the feedback already...